Integrated Sparingly Solvating Electrolyte–Catalyst Strategies to Unlock Lithium–Sulfur Battery Viability: A Perspective

The combination of sparingly solvating electrolytes and electrocatalysts is a promising strategy to enhance the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). This approach addresses key challenges like sluggish kinetics, polysulfide shuttle, and insulating species on the cathode. This synergy accelerates sulfur redox reactions, improves cycle life, and makes LSBs more feasible for practical use.

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, their commercialization is impeded by challenges, such as the polysulfide shuttle effect. This perspective critically examines the integration of sparingly solvating electrolytes (SSEs) and catalysts as a synergistic approach to mitigate polysulfide dissolution and the sluggish solid-state conversion kinetics arising from SSE usage. SSEs regulate lithium polysulfide solubility, enabling lean-electrolyte operation while stabilizing the lithium metal anode. In parallel, catalysts enhance sulfur redox kinetics and promote efficient Li₂S nucleation and oxidation. Recent advancements in SSE formulations, electrolyte–catalyst interactions, and their impact on electrochemical performance are analyzed. Future research directions are outlined to optimize SSE–catalyst constructive interaction, thereby facilitating the transition of LSBs toward commercial viability.

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