Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles: An Insight into Structure, Synthesis and Applications

The recent trends in manganese oxide research as well as the structure of numerous crystalline phases of manganese oxide nanoparticles are summarized. In addition the temperature and different synthesis conditions dependent phase transformations and applications of manganese oxide nanoparticles in catalysis are discussed.

Abstract

Manganese oxide nanoparticles with different crystal phases, morphologies, and structural diversity along with their exceptional properties like high specific surface area, a high fraction of surface atoms, non-toxic nature, and excellent redox properties are drawing attention for various applications in storage science, especially in the batteries, super-capacitors, energy conversion, and the environmental catalysis field. Precise control of particle size, morphology, surface area, Mn_x ⁺ oxidation state, etc. is the utmost important aspect to explore their application to the full potential. Here, the emphasis is on the recent trends in manganese oxide research – structure, synthesis, and applications. The structure of numerous crystalline phases of manganese oxide nanoparticles are summerized and several facile chemical synthesis processes to achieve the desired crystalline/amorphous structure are discoursed. Temperature and different synthesis conditions dependent phase transformations of β-MnO₂, α-Mn₂O₃, and Mn₃O₄ from α-MnO₂ are discussed as well. The pragmatic approach directs that the application field is mostly controlled by the morphologies.

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