A Glycoluril‐Derived Fluorescent Molecular Clip for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Fe3+

A novel glycoluril-based fluorescent molecular clip was readily synthesized. It selectively detects Fe³⁺ via “on-off” fluorescence with excellent anti-interference among metal ions (LOD = 0.52 µM). It demonstrated excellent applicability in real water samples, achieving high accuracy and recovery, highlighting its potential for aqueous-phase Fe³⁺ sensing.

Abstract

The highly selective detection of Fe³⁺ holds significant importance in environmental monitoring and biomedical applications. In this study, a novel “on–off” fluorescent molecular clip based on a glycoluril scaffold functionalized with 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid groups (termed clip 1) was designed and synthesized via a straightforward two-step procedure. Structural characterization was performed via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), whereas its optical properties were analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Clip 1 exhibited strong fluorescence emission at 333 nm, which was specifically quenched upon Fe³⁺ coordination, achieving a low detection limit of 0.52 µM (significantly below the WHO guideline of 5.36 µM for drinking water). Remarkably, it demonstrated exceptional selectivity and anti-interference capability among 18 competing metal ions. Stern–Volmer analysis confirmed a 1:1 binding stoichiometry. Practical application in real water samples showed excellent recoveries (97.20%–101.9%) and reproducibility (RSD < 3.5%). Owing to its simple synthesis, high yield, excellent aqueous solubility, and superior sensitivity, this probe presents a promising tool for efficient Fe³⁺ monitoring in aqueous environments.

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